溶血卵磷脂對斷奶仔豬日糧中脂肪消化的影響 Supporting fat digestion in weaned pigl_公司動態_新聞中心

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溶血卵磷脂對斷奶仔豬日糧中脂肪消化的影響 Supporting fat digestion in weaned pigl

2020-05-28

當下養豬業需要豬快速生長，因此，配制高能量飼料已成必然。油脂和富含脂肪的原料常被用于飼料中以獲取高能量。然而，斷奶仔豬對脂肪的消化并不理想，而添加溶血卵磷脂是一種促進斷奶仔豬對飼料中脂肪消化的解決方案。

Modern animal production requires pigs to grow fast and for that reason, energy dense diets are formulated.Oils as well as fat-rich ingredients are used to achieve a high energy content in the feed. Fat digestion, however, is not optimal in piglets after weaning. Lysolecithins are a solution to support fat digestion in weaned piglets.

眾所周知，同一批豬在進入育肥舍時體重越大，表示其生長速度越快。根據以往經驗，在保育階段每多增加1kg體重，那么育肥期時間將縮短一周，也就是能節省一周的飼養成本。這使得在仔豬斷奶后，飼料攝入量和飼料成本較低時，加快仔豬的生長速度更值得研究。

It is generally accepted that pigs will grow faster when they are heavier at the time of entering the finishing house. As a rule of thumb, for each kg higher body weight at the start of the finishing period, that phase is shortened by one week. This will save one week of feeding costs, which makes it even more interesting to stimulate. optimal growth directly after weaning when feed intake is relatively low and thus less expensive.

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斷奶仔豬有限的脂肪消化 Limited fat digestion in weaned piglets

一般情況下，斷奶仔豬飼喂高能量飼糧，其飼糧中含有大量的油脂和脂肪成分。但是，飼喂高能量的飼料并不一定能使仔豬達到最佳的生長速度，因為斷奶仔豬膽汁磷脂分泌不足，對脂肪和油脂的乳化能力有限。此外，一些研究表明，斷奶仔豬的胰脂肪酶水平較低。盡管胰脂肪酶的活性隨著日齡的增長而增加，但在斷奶期的活性卻顯著下降。斷奶仔豬消化系統問題可能是由于胰脂肪酶活性低，乳化性能差導致的結果。溶血卵磷脂作為優質的外源乳化劑，可以增強水包油的乳化過程，刺激脂肪酶對脂肪的消化，進而改善普通營養物質的運輸和吸收。

Often, weaned piglets are provided with an energy-dense diet, including high amounts of oils and being rich in fat ingredients. That, however, does not always result in the optimal growth that is aimed for. That can be explained by the fact that fat digestion is limited in weaned piglets, because these animals do not produce sufficient amounts of bile phospholipids for an efficient emulsification. Moreover, several studies have shown that levels of pancreatic lipase are low in weaned piglets. Although pancreatic lipase activity increases with age, a dramatic drop in activity is observed at the moment of weaning. Digestive problems may occur as a consequence of the poor emulsification and low pancreatic lipase activity which results in suppressed growth. Hydrolysed lecithins resolve these problems as these molecules are known to enhance the oil-in-water emulsification process, stimulate enzymatic fat digestion by lipase and even improve general nutrient transport and absorption.

天然卵磷脂與溶血卵磷脂 Native versus hydrolysed lecithins

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卵磷脂是磷脂、油、糖脂和碳水化合物的復雜混合物。卵磷脂存在于天然動植物組織中。卵磷脂中的磷脂具有雙親性，這意味著分子既具有疏水性又具有親水性。這可以用分子結構來解釋，分子結構由兩個疏水性脂肪酸尾部和一個親水性磷酸頭部組成，由一個甘油分子連接在一起。磷酸基團可分別用膽堿、乙醇胺或肌醇等簡單有機分子修飾形成磷脂酰膽堿、磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰肌醇。這些所謂的天然卵磷脂是煉油廠的副產品，通常作為相對廉價的能源用于動物飼料。相比之下，溶血磷脂，也被稱為溶血卵磷脂，以其促進水包油乳化的強大能力而聞名。這些溶血卵磷脂是通過磷脂酶A2的作用水解天然卵磷脂獲得的（見圖1）。甘油分子C2位置的疏水脂肪酸通過這種酶的作用被去除。與天然卵磷脂相比，所獲得的溶血卵磷脂具有更親水的特性和更高的親水親脂性平衡（HLB），這也解釋了它們促進水包油乳化的能力更加強大。

Lecithin is a complex mixture of phospholipids, some oil, glycolipids and carbohydrates. Lecithins are naturally occurring in plant and animal tissues. The phospholipids in lecithins have an amphiphilic character, meaning the molecule has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics. This can be explained by the molecular structure, which consists of two hydrophobic fatty acid tails and a hydrophilic phosphate head, joined together by a glycerol molecule. The phosphate groups can be modified with simple organic molecules such as choline, ethanolamine or inositol forming phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol respectively. These so called native lecithins are byproducts from the oil refinery and usually applied in animal feed as a relatively cheap energy source. In contrast, lysophospholipids, also known as lysolecithins, are better known for their strong capacities of promoting an oil-in-water emulsification. These lysolecithins are obtained by hydrolysis of a native lecithin by the action of the enzyme phospholipase A2 (see Figure 1). The hydrophobic fatty acid at the C2 position of the glycerol molecule is removed by the action of this enzyme. The obtained lysolecithins have a more hydrophilic character and a higher hydrophilic-lipophilic.

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圖1溶血卵磷脂的構成，從卵磷脂變化為溶血卵磷脂的示意圖

Balance (HLB) than native lecithins, which explains their increased capacity to promote an oil-in-water emulsification.

溶血卵磷脂如何使脂肪消化How lysolecithins support fat digestion

為了最大限度地利用斷奶仔豬日糧中的脂肪，應考慮脂肪消化的三個階段：

For maximal utilisation of dietary fat in weaned piglets, all three stages of fat digestion should be considered

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1.在脂肪消化的第一階段，脂肪在膽汁鹽的作用下乳化。由于脂肪不溶于水，脂肪滴會在小腸水環境中積聚成較大的脂肪球。溶血卵磷脂促進水包油乳化，能夠將大的脂肪球乳化成小的脂滴。

1.In the first stage of fat digestion, fat is emulsified by the action of bile salts. As fat is insoluble in water, fat droplets will accumulate into bigger fat globules in the aqueous environment of the small intestine. Lysolecithins promote an oil-in-water emulsion and are able to emulsify large lipid globules into small lipid droplets.

2.在溶血卵磷脂的作用下，大的脂肪球溶解成小的脂肪顆粒，使脂肪與脂肪酶的接觸面積變大，因此可以使脂肪水解得更徹底。在脂肪酶的作用下，脂肪被分解成脂肪酸和甘油。

2.As the contact surface of the fat globules is increased by reducing the fat globule size by the action of lysolecithins, more fat is exposed to lipase and thus more fat can by hydrolysed. The fat molecule, a triglyceride, is broken down by the action of lipase into two free fatty acids and one sn2-monoglyceride.

3.脂肪被水解后，形成脂肪酸、sn2單甘酯、膽汁酸鹽和膽磷脂的混合物。這些混合物有助于親脂性物質在腸道水環境中的運輸，并最終通過腸細胞周圍未固定的水層。溶血卵磷脂促進了高親水性的混合物的形成，改善了營養物質通過未固定水層的運輸。因此，脂肪吸收得到改善。

3.After hydrolysis, mixed micelles with fatty acids, sn2-monoglycerides, bile salts and bile phospholipids are formed. These mixed micelles facilitate the transport of lipophilic substances in the aqueous environment of the intestinal lumen and finally through the unstirred water layer surrounding the enterocytes. Lysolecithins promote the formation of small and highly hydrophilic mixed micelles, improving nutrient transport through the unstirred water layer. Hence, fat absorption is improved#p#分頁標題#e#

溶血卵磷脂不僅能促進脂肪乳化、水解和吸收，而且能促進營養吸收。這是由于特異性溶血卵磷脂對上皮細胞膜磷脂雙層的干擾，增加了它們的流動性和通透性，從而促進了營養物質的吸收。

Lysolecithins not only promote fat emulsification, fat hydrolysis and fat absorption, but also improve nutrient absorption in general. This is explained by the interference of specific lysophospholipids with the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membranes of the epithelium cells, increasing their fluidity and permeability and thus facilitating nutrient absorption.

在原有飼料的基礎上添加溶血卵磷脂可以顯著提高斷奶仔豬的生長性能，并提高仔豬的飼料轉化率

A hydrolysed soy lecithin strategy on top of a commercial diet is able to significantly improve growth and FCR of weaned piglets.

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對生長速度和飼料轉化率的改善Growth and FCR significantly improved

佰高威盛的“力思美”，主要成分是溶血卵磷脂，已證明能夠顯著改善斷奶仔豬的生長速度和飼料轉化率（FCR）。這些結果是在德國的一個商業農場獲得的，該農場隸屬于丹麥家畜飼料實驗研究組織。

Bioscwin’s product Fra LeciMax Dry contains high amounts of hydrolysed soy lecithins and has shown to be able to significantly improve growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in weaned piglets. These results were obtained at a commercial farm in Germany, belonging to the research organisation..

選用4周齡斷奶仔豬384頭。小豬被分成12組，每組32頭小豬。對照組6組（不加添加劑），實驗組6組，實驗組在對照組飼料的基礎上，每噸飼料中添加500克溶血卵磷脂產品（“力思美”），實驗時間6周，分兩個飼養階段，每個階段三周，兩個階段飼喂不同的飼料，在這兩種飼料中，脂肪主要來自大豆。

Livestock Feed Tests Denmark. In total 384 weaned piglets of four weeks of age were used. Piglets were divided over 12 pens of 32 piglets each. Six pens were used as a control group (no additive) and the other six pens were used as treatment group. The pigs in the treatment group received 500 g hydrolysed soy lecithin product per tonne of feed, added on top of their diet during the total period of six weeks. The basal diet was the same for both groups. The farm applied two feeding phases of three weeks each. In both feeds the fat mainly originated from soy.

兩組的平均起始體重相差不大（對照組和實驗組分別為6.11kg和6.02kg）。6周后，對照組仔豬的最終體重為21.8kg，而實驗組仔豬的最終體重為23.1kg，顯著高于對照組。如圖2所示，溶血卵磷脂能夠顯著提高仔豬平均日增重。料肉比從對照組的1.719下降到實驗組的1.539，也有顯著改善。

#p#分頁標題#e#Average starting weight was comparable between the groups (6.11 kg and 6.02 kg for the control and treatment group respectively). After six weeks, piglets in the control group had a final body weight of 21.8 kg, whereas the piglets in the treatment group had a final body weight of 23.1 kg, which was significantly higher. As shown in Figure 2, average daily growth was significantly improved by the hydrolysed soy lecithin approach. The FCR was also significantly better from 1.719 in the control group down to 1.539 in the treatment group.

圖2 在斷奶后1-6周，水解大豆卵磷脂產物對斷奶仔豬生長和飼料轉化率的影響

As shown in Figure 2, average daily growth was significantlyimproved by the hydrolysed soy lecithin approach. The FCR was alsosignificantly better from 1.719 in the control group down to 1.539 in thetreatment group.

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改善脂肪乳化 Improved fat emulsification

試驗結果表明，在原有飼料基礎上添加溶血卵磷脂能顯著提高斷奶仔豬的生長速度，降低料肉比。這首先可以通過改善脂肪乳化和脂肪消化，為仔豬提供更多的能量來解釋。其次，全面的營養消化，特別是蛋白質消化和營養吸收也得到了改善，使仔豬生長速度更快。

These trial results prove that adding a hydrolysed soy lecithin strategy on top of a commercial diet is able to significantly improve growth and FCR of weaned piglets. This can be explained firstly by the improved fat emulsification and consequently fat digestion, providing the piglet more energy. Secondly, general nutrient digestion, more specifically protein digestion and nutrient absorption is improved as well, which allows the piglet to grow more.

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